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Illustrative public-facility service yard.Infrastructure & Public Facilities
Charging depots, data centers, port terminals and water treatment plants draw power in different ways. Define the busiest operating period and the loads that must stay supplied before selecting transformers and switchgear.
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Transport electrification
EV fast-charging hubs and fleet depots
A highway hub may see several vehicles arrive together. A bus or truck depot may charge most heavily between return and dispatch. Ask the operator for the busiest interval, the required turnaround time and the opening-day and future charger counts.
- Establish the transformer load
- Where several dispensers share a power cabinet, use its AC input rating and expected duty. AC input already includes charger losses. Add other coincident site loads and confirm the maximum import setting with the operator. Check the result against the utility’s available service capacity.
- Define what the quotation covers
- Mark the utility connection, transformer, low-voltage board and the feeder to each charger cabinet. Identify who supplies the chargers, control system, cables and terminations. Reserve space and feeder positions for the next phase.
- Send with the enquiry
- Charger cabinet and dispenser schedule, AC input data, expected simultaneous use, utility service voltage and import limit, and a site single-line diagram.
Six dispensers can share three power cabinets
Suppose six dispensers share three cabinets drawing 200 kW AC each. With all three charging, the cabinets draw 600 kW. Add 120 kW of simultaneous building load. For balanced, sinusoidal loads at the same 0.90 lagging power factor, 720 kW ÷ 0.90 gives 800 kVA of steady demand. Check the actual input power factor, harmonics, site conditions and any enforceable import limit before choosing a transformer.
Compare uncontrolled, managed and future charging
| Operating condition | Question to settle | What to request |
|---|---|---|
| Unmanaged peak | What will the site draw if all available cabinets run at full input? | Give the utility the cabinet count and AC input data, along with any existing loads on the same service. |
| Managed charging | What import limit has the operator agreed, and what happens if communications fail? | Ask the charger supplier to document the control limit and fallback behaviour before using a reduced demand in the quotation. |
| Fleet expansion | Will adding dispensers also add power cabinets? | Price the next feeder or transformer separately. Mark cable ducts, outgoing ways and space reserved for the additional cabinets. |
Critical power
Large data centers and AI computing campuses
A new hall changes both rack demand and cooling demand. Give each bidder the initial and build-out loads, and show how the facility distributes power during normal operation and maintenance.
- Separate the load groups
- Identify IT load served by each UPS, cooling plant, pumps, fans and auxiliaries. Use UPS input demand for the upstream transformer calculation. Keep the UPS output load separate to avoid counting the same IT load twice.
- Trace the maintenance condition
- If the design has A and B supply paths, show which loads transfer when one path is unavailable and which cooling loads must stay online. Compare the resulting transformer, busbar and feeder duties with normal operation. Mark the UPS bypass and generator interfaces where applicable.
- Send with the enquiry
- Phased IT and cooling load schedules, single-line diagrams for normal and maintenance states, the required load on each surviving path, and the division of supply among the switchgear, UPS and generator vendors.
Testing the supply path that remains during maintenance
Suppose two paths each carry 500 kW of transferable load. If one is isolated and all of its load transfers, the surviving path carries 1,000 kW of that load. This example is a load transfer check. Add the cooling and auxiliary loads that also remain on that path, and account for UPS input losses when converting an IT output schedule to upstream demand.
Compare normal operation, maintenance and build-out
| Operating condition | Question to settle | What to request |
|---|---|---|
| Normal operation | Which loads are on each UPS input and which cooling loads are supplied separately? | Request a per-path load schedule on one consistent side of the UPS, with cooling and auxiliaries listed separately. |
| Maintenance transfer | Which loads move, which can be shed, and which cooling plant must stay online? | Compare the bids at the same MV incomer and LV feeder to the UPS. Request the transformer, busbar and feeder duties during transfer. For separate equipment, price the transformer-to-board connection. For a packaged station, identify factory connections, site joints and tests. Mark cooling and bypass feeds separately. |
| Next data hall | How will the next hall connect while existing racks are in service? | Compare initial and ultimate board sections, reserved feeders and the shutdowns required for the connection. |
Port terminals and water plants
Port electrification & shore power
A port may need to serve a ferry while cranes and adjacent berths continue operating. Start with vessels and terminal loads that can draw power at the same time.
- Equipment selection
- Confirm vessel voltage and frequency, whether frequency conversion is required, and which circuits must stay live during construction. Mark the boundary between shore-side and shipboard equipment.
- Send with the enquiry
- Berth load and occupancy schedule, vessel voltage and frequency, shore-side single-line diagram, quay space and environmental exposure.
Serving a second berth while terminal cranes are operating
Two berths with similar vessel ratings can impose different shore-side loads if arrivals overlap or ships use different supply frequencies. Provide an occupancy schedule and the existing crane and terminal load. Mark shore switchgear, transformer, any frequency converter, cable-handling equipment and the ship connection as separate items.
Compare berth duty, interfaces and installation
| Operating condition | Question to settle | What to request |
|---|---|---|
| Concurrent calls | Which ships and terminal loads can operate together? | Ask for a berth-by-berth load schedule and the upstream duty for the busiest agreed overlap. |
| Ship connection | Which voltage and frequency does each vessel require, and who supplies the converter if needed? | Request a one-line with the converter, protection, metering and shore-to-ship connection boundaries identified. |
| Quay installation | Which berth must remain open while the next connection is built? | Compare cabinet access, cable routes, environmental exposure and staged tie-ins against the terminal operating plan. |
Desalination & water reuse plants
A reverse-osmosis train, intake pump and transfer pump have different starting and standby requirements. Identify which trains must remain available after a feeder outage.
- Equipment selection
- Compare simultaneous motor demand with the restart sequence. For variable-speed drives, obtain AC input and harmonic data before selecting the transformer and feeder.
- Send with the enquiry
- Motor and drive list, duty/standby assignments, restart sequence, treatment layout and enclosure conditions near the water.
Restarting treatment trains after an incoming feeder interruption
Distinguish running pumps, standby units and motors that may restart together. For a pump station with utility MV supply and a contractor-supplied motor control panel, compare separate equipment and a packaged substation at the same terminals, from the incoming MV connection to the LV outgoing feeder.
Compare running duty, restart and standby supply
| Operating condition | Question to settle | What to request |
|---|---|---|
| Steady production | Which intake, treatment and transfer pumps run together for the required water output? | Request coincident load by train. For separate transformers and switchboards, include the cable between them, lugs and installation when comparing costs. |
| Restart sequence | Which motors start across the line and which are controlled by drives? | Use motor and drive starting data for the same restart sequence in both bids. For a packaged station, confirm factory connections, joints between shipping sections and foundation work. |
| Standby operation | Which train or transfer duty remains available with one feeder isolated? | Show the alternate supply path. Assign the motor control panel, feeder cable, terminations at both ends, site tests and witnesses to named parties before comparing prices. |
Where will the equipment be installed?
Choose the installation setting and identify the opening, route or site condition that limits the equipment arrangement.
Can the largest unit be brought in and removed?
Use a plan to trace the route from the unloading point. Add a section where an overhead obstruction, a hatch or a change of level limits movement.
Delivery route and turning space
Record the narrowest clear opening, turning space and headroom from unloading to final position. Compare these with the supplier’s shipping section dimensions, handling mass and method of movement.
Operating and removal access
Show door swings, cable entries, service aisles and the space needed to remove the largest unit later. Identify routes that must remain available to staff, the public or other equipment.
Room ventilation and site conditions
Provide the ventilation arrangement and relevant temperature, noise or environmental limits. Request heat losses and clearances for the actual equipment so the building team can review the room design.
Vault drainage and water exposure
Show drainage and likely water exposure on the section. Ask for written confirmation for the proposed unit, terminations and accessories under those conditions before accepting it for the vault.
Equipment by installation setting
Dry-type transformers
For indoor installations, compare shipping dimensions, heat losses and cable positions with the room drawings.
View Dry-type transformers
Pad-mounted transformers
For an outdoor transformer purchase, identify the foundation, cable entry and operating access to the compartments.
View Pad-mounted transformers
Prefabricated substations
For a complete outdoor supply point, review the enclosure, transformer, switching equipment and external terminals together.
View Prefabricated substations
Submersible Distribution Transformers
For a vault, review the proposed unit against the pit section, removal route, drainage and stated exposure.
View submersible distribution transformersSend with the enquiry
Send the site plan and electrical single-line together. For charging projects include the maximum simultaneous AC demand. For data centers mark the critical loads and the supply path available during maintenance.
Site drawings
Delivery entrance, narrowest opening, lifting point, equipment footprint, maintenance and replacement route.
Electrical requirements
Single-line diagram, voltage pair, capacity or current, fault-level information and critical-service requirements.
Installation conditions
Ventilation and noise requirements, drainage and water exposure where applicable, access restrictions and delivery sequence.
Compare installation quotations
Give each bidder the same site drawings. Compare equipment, handling and civil interfaces against the same installation and removal route.
| Installation setting | What the site drawings should show | What to request in the quotation |
|---|---|---|
| Indoor switchroom | Show door openings, tight turns, headroom, cable entries, ventilation paths and maintenance space on the room plan and section. | Request shipping dimensions and mass, heat-loss data and the proposed maintenance clearances. Identify any sections that must be assembled on site. |
| Outdoor service yard | Mark the unloading position, foundation, cable approaches, door swings and lifting access. Show any public or service route that must remain open. | Compare a standalone transformer with a complete station for the same external terminals. Itemise the enclosure, switchgear, foundation interface and external cable work. |
| Underground equipment vault | Provide a vault section showing the clear hatch opening, lifting route, cable penetrations and drainage. State the anticipated water level and exposure duration. | Request a model-specific review of the transformer, terminals and accessories for the stated conditions. Identify lifting provisions, civil works and exclusions. |
Request with the quotation
- Shipping dimensions, handling mass and lifting points for the largest section.
- An installed outline showing doors, cable entries, service access and equipment-specific clearance requirements.
- A schedule separating supplied equipment from site handling, foundations, drainage and installation work.